BIOSTATISITCS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Theory)

BP801T. BIOSTATISITCS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Theory)

45 Hours

Scope: 

  • To understand the applications of Biostatics in Pharmacy. This subject deals with descriptive statistics, Graphics, Correlation, Regression, logistic regression Probability theory, Sampling technique, Parametric tests, Non Parametric tests, ANOVA, Introduction to Design of Experiments, Phases of Clinical trials and Observational and Experimental studies, SPSS, R and MINITAB statistical software’s, analyzing the statistical data using Excel.

Objectives: 

  • Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
  • Know the operation of M.S. Excel, SPSS, R and MINITAB®, DoE (Design of Experiment)
  • Know the various statistical techniques to solve statistical problems
  • Appreciate statistical techniques in solving the problems.

 Course content:

Unit-I       10 Hours

Introduction: 

  • Statistics,
  • Biostatistics, 
  • Frequency Distribution

Measures of central tendency:

  •  Mean, 
  • Median, 
  • Mode- Pharmaceutical examples

Measures of dispersion: 

  • Dispersion, 
  • Range, 
  • Standard deviation, 
  • Pharmaceutical problems

Correlation: 

  • Definition, 
  • Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, 
  • Multiple correlation - Pharmaceuticals examples

Unit-II      10 Hours

Regression: 

  • Curve fitting by the method of least squares, 
  • Fitting the lines y= a + bx and x = a + by, 
  • Multiple regression, 
  • Standard error of regression– Pharmaceutical Examples 

Probability:

  • Definition of probability,
  • Binomial distribution, 
  • Normal distribution, 
  • Poisson’s distribution,
  • Properties - problems
  • Sample, Population, large sample, small sample, 
  • Null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, sampling, essence of sampling, types of sampling,
  •  Error-I type, 
  • Error-II type, 
  • Standard error of mean (SEM) - Pharmaceutical examples

Parametric test: 

  • t-test (Sample, Pooled or Unpaired and Paired) , 
  • ANOVA, (One way and Two way), 
  • Least Significance difference

Unit-III   10 Hours

Non Parametric tests: 

  • Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, 
  • Mann-Whitney U test,
  • Kruskal-Wallis test, 
  • Friedman Test

Introduction to Research:

  • Need for research, 
  • Need for design of Experiments, 
  • Experiential Design Technique, plagiarism

Graphs:

  • Histogram, 
  • Pie Chart, 
  • Cubic Graph, response surface plot, 
  • Counter Plot graph 

Designing the methodology: 

  • Sample size determination and Power of a study, 
  • Report writing and presentation of data, 
  • Protocol, Cohorts    studies,
  •  Observational studies,
  •  Experimental studies, 
  • Designing clinical trial, various phases.

 

Unit-IV     8 Hours

  • Blocking and confounding system for Two-level factorials

Regression modeling: 

  • Hypothesis testing in Simple and Multiple regressionmodels 

Introduction to Practical components of Industrial and Clinical Trials Problems: 

  • Statistical Analysis Using Excel, 
  • SPSS, MINITAB®,
  • DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS,
  •  R - Online Statistical Software’s to Industrial and Clinical trial approach

Unit-V      7Hours

Design and Analysis of experiments:

Factorial Design: 

  • Definition, 22, 23design. 
  • Advantage of factorial design

Response Surface methodology: 

  • Central composite design, 
  • Historical design, 
  • Optimization Techniques