COURSE OUTCOME
CO1: Understanding the scope and importance of physiological functions of various organs in human body.
CO2: Understanding the physiological systems of body and also understand the basis of diseases.
CO3: Understanding the importance, function and function of excretory system of body.
CO4: Understanding the information about Blood.
CO5: Understanding the physiological systems of body and also understand the basis of diseases.
CO6: Understanding the importance of hemoglobin estimation and blood group detection.
CO7: Understanding the importance of Total Red Blood Cell Count and total Leucocyte Count.
CO8: Understanding the importance of ESR
CO9: Recognizing the physiological systems of body.
COURSE CONTENTS
UNIT I:
Endocrine system & Special Senses [10 SESSIONS]
General principles of endocrinology, The pituitary Gland, The Thyroid Gland, The parathyroid, Calcitonin and Vitamin D. The Adrenal Cortex & Pancreas. Taste and Olfaction. Vision—structure and function of eye, errors of refraction & their correction. Colour blindness. Hearing—structure and function of ear, general outline of mechanism of hearing and perception of sound.
UNIT II:
BLOOD [15 SESSIONS]
Blood volume - Determination of blood volume, Variation and maintenance of blood volume, Properties of blood; The Plasma - Composition and character, Functions of plasma proteins, The Erythrocytes – Erythropoiesis, Functions, Fragility of RBCs, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Haemoglobin - structure, types, compounds of haemoglobin, abnormal haemoglobin, RBC indices - PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Colour index, Anaemia - Types with examples, Polyeythaemia, Leukocytes – Types, morphology, leucopoiesis, functions. Haemostasis - Platelets: structure and functions, Role of platelets, Blood coagulation, anticlotting mechanisms, anticoagulants, Bleeding disorders - Purpura, Hemophilia, Vitamin K deficiency, tests for bleeding disorders, Blood group and blood transfusion - Blood group: different systems, Blood grouping & cross matching and clinical importance, Blood
transfusion: Hazards of blood transfusion, storage of blood; Homeostatic imbalances – Sickle-Cell disease, Leukemia, Clinical Connection - Withdrawing Blood, Bone Marrow Examination, Medical Uses of Hemopoietic Growth Factors, Iron Overload and Tissue Damage, Reticulocyte Count, Complete Blood Count, Anticoagulants - Aspirin and Thrombolytic Agents, Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn.
UNIT III:
Lymphatic System& Immunity [10 SESSIONS]
Lymph – lymphoid tissue formation, composition and function of lymph; Clinical connection - Metastasis through lymphatic vessels, Microbial evasion of phagocytosis, Abscesses and Ulcers, Cytokine therapy, Homeostatic imbalances – AIDS, Autoimmune diseases. Immunityy - Humoral & cellular, mechanism of immune response, immunoglobulin.
UNIT IV:
Reproductive system [10 SESSIONS]
Changes during Puberty, Classification of Male sex hormones and their functions, Spermatogenesis & semen. Changes during Puberty, Classification and Functions of female sex hormones, menstruation, ovulation and contraception. Physiological changes during pregnancy, functions of placenta and physiology of lactation.
UNIT V:
Excretory System & Body Fluid Homeostasis [10 SESSIONS]
Functional anatomy of kidney – Nephron, Juxtaglomerular apparatus, renal regulation; Glomerular filtration - filtration barrier, forces governing filtration; Tabular functions- Mechanism of tubular reabsorption, Mechanism of tubular secretion, Renal function test, Excretory functions of skin; Homeostatic imbalances– Glomerular disease.
PRACTICAL
1. Estimation of Hemoglobin Concentration
2. Bleeding time and clotting time
3. Blood grouping Estimation and Rh factor
4. CBC
5. TLC
6. ESR & PCV
7. Specimen- Kidney
8. Specimen- male & female reproductive organs