COURSE CONTENT
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms. The study of the chemistry behind biological processes and the synthesis of biologically active molecules are examples of biochemistry.
UNIT- I - AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM AND LIPID METABOLISM
1. LIPID METABOLISM
a) Introduction to lipid metabolism, Lipolysis, Oxidation of fatty acids β-oxidation of fatty acids.
b) Lipogenesis –DE novo synthesis of fatty acids, chain elongation, desaturation, triacylglycerol.
c) Synthesis, fat metabolism in adipose tissues.
d) Ketone body metabolism- Ketone body formation (ketogenesis), utilization (ketosis’s), ketosis, Roth era’s test.
e) Cholesterol metabolism: synthesis, degradation, cholesterol transport.
f) Hypercholesterolemia and its effects (atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases).
g) Hypocholesterolemia agents, Common hypolipoproteinemia.
2. AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM
a) Catabolism of amino acids - Introduction, transamination, deamination, Fate of ammonia, transport of ammonia, Urea cycle.
b) Specialized products formed from amino acids - from glycine, arginine, methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine.
3. VITAMINS
a) Definition, classification according to solubility.
b) Individual vitamins - Sources, Coenzyme forms, functions, RDA, digestion, absorption and transport, deficiency and toxicity.\
4. MINERAL METABOLISM
a) Definition, Sources, RDA, Digestion, absorption, transport, excretion, functions, disorder of Individual minerals - Calcium, phosphate, iron, Magnesium, fluoride, selenium, molybdenum, copper. Phosphate, calcium and iron in detail.
UNIT- II - CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELL BIOLOGY
a) Introduction, Cell structure, Cell membrane structure and function, various types of absorption.
b) Intracellular organelles and their functions, briefly on cytoskeleton.
MUSCLE CONTRACTION
a) Contractile elements in muscle, briefly on the process of muscle contraction, Energy for muscle contraction.
BIOCHEMISTRY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
a) Introduction, various connective tissue proteins: Collagen, elastin - Structure and associated disorders. Glycoproteins, Proteoglycans.
HORMONE ACTION
a) Definition, classification, Mechanism of hormone action. Receptors, signal transduction, second messengers and cell function.
UNIT III - Acid-Base balance and Clinical Biochemistry
ACID-BASE BALANCE
a) Acids, bases and buffers, pH Buffer systems of the body, bicarbonate buffer system.
b) Role of lungs and kidneys in acid base balance, Acid base imbalance Water balances.
c) Water distribution in the body, Body water, water turnover, Regulation of water balance: role of ADH and thirst center.
ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
a) Osmolality, Distribution of electrolytes.
b) Electrolyte balance, Role of aldosterone, rennin angiotensin system and ANF. CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
a) Normal levels of blood and urine constituents, Relevance of blood and urine levels of Glucose, Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine, Calcium, Phosphates, pH and Bicarbonate, Liver function tests, Renal function tests.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Biochemistry –U Satya Narayana.
References-
1. Biochemistry- Richard Harvey.
2. Biochemistry- David Hames.
- Teacher: Dr. Deepshikha .
COURSE CONTENT PRACTICAL
1. Pulleys.
2. Springs.
3. Gravity.
4. Elasticity.
TEXT BOOK
1. Joint Structure and Function – A comprehensive Analysis, JP Bros Medical Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Joint Structure & Function by Cynthia Napkins.
- Teacher: komal dhull
COURSE CONTENT PRACTICAL
1. Lab. demonstration of basic principles of physiotherapy assessment, functional assessment and application of physiotherapy in cardiothoracic conditions.
2. Student must maintain a logbook. The duly completed logbook should be submitted during Lab. examination.
- Teacher: komal dhull
COURSE CONTENT
UNIT- I [20 SESSIONS]
1. Anatomical and Physiological differences between the Adult and Pediatric lung.
2. Bedside assessment of the patient-Adult & Pediatric.
3. Investigations and tests – Exercise tolerance Testing – Cardiac & Pulmonary, Radiography, PFT, ABG, ECG, Hematological and Biochemical Tests.
4. Physiotherapy techniques to increase lung volume – controlled mobilization, Positioning, breathing exercises, Neurophysiologic Facilitation of Respiration, Mechanical aids - Incentive Spirometry, CPAP, IPPB
5. Lab. :- Evaluation and assessment methods for cardiothoracic region ,Lab. based on exercise tolerance testing, Breathing exercises ,Lab. based on facilitation of respiration, Breathing control techniques
6. Physiotherapy techniques to decrease the work of breathing – Measures to optimize the balance between energy supply and demand, positioning, Breathing
7. Re-education – Breathing control techniques, mechanical aids – IPPB, CPAP, and BiPAP.
UNIT- II [20 SESSIONS]
PHYSIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES TO CLEAR SECRETIONS IN LUNG CONDITIONS
1. Physiotherapy techniques to clear secretions – Hydration, Humidification & Nebulization, Mobilization and Breathing exercises, Postural Drainage, Manual techniques – Percussion, Vibration and Shaking, Rib Springing, ACBT, Autogenic Drainage, Mechanical Aids – PEP, Flutter, IPPB, Facilitation of Cough and Huff, Nasopharyngeal Suctioning
2. Drug therapy – Drugs to prevent and treat inflammation, Bronchospasm, Breathlessness, Sputum clearance, inhibit coughing, improve ventilation, pulmonary hypertension, Inhaled Nebulizers.
3. Lung conditions
4. Physiotherapy in Obstructive lung conditions.
5. Physiotherapy in Restrictive lung conditions.
6. Management of breathlessness.
7. Pulmonary Rehabilitation.
8. Physiotherapy following Lung surgeries.
UNIT –III [20 SESSIONS]
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN THE ICU
1. Respiratory failure – Oxygen Therapy and Mechanical Ventilation. Introduction to ICU: ICU monitoring –Apparatus, Airways and Tubes used in the ICU.
2. Physiotherapy in the ICU – Common conditions in the ICU – Tetanus, Head Injury, Lung Disease, Pulmonary Edema, Multiple Organ Failure, Neuromuscular Disease,
3. Smoke Inhalation, Poisoning, Aspiration, Near Drowning, ARDS, Shock; Dealing with an Emergency Situation in the ICU.
4. Cardiac surgeries -Physiotherapy management following cardiac surgeries: Cardiac Rehabilitation.
5. Abdominal Surgeries - Management of Pulmonary Restorative Dysfunction following surgical procedures on Abdomen and Thorax.
6. Home program and education of family members in patient care.
COURSE CONTENT PRACTICAL
1. Lab. demonstration of basic principles of physiotherapy assessment, functional assessment and application of physiotherapy in cardiothoracic conditions.
2. Student must maintain a logbook. The duly completed logbook should be submitted during Lab. examination.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Tidy's physiotherapy.
2. Cash’s Text Book of Chest, Heart, Vascular Disorders for Physiotherapists.
3. Physical Rehabilitation Assessment and Treatment – O’Sullivan Schmitz.
4. Cash’s Text book of General Medicine and Surgical conditions for Physiotherapists
- Teacher: komal dhull
BPT :
Subject: ELECTROTHERAPY - II
COURSE CONTENT
Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment. In medicine, the term electrotherapy can apply to a variety of treatments, including the use of electrical devices such as deep brain stimulators for neurological disease.
UNIT I [20 SESSIONS]
ELECTRO-DIAGNOSIS AND MEDIUM FREQUENCY
ELECTRO-DIAGNOSIS
a) FG Test
b) SD Curve: Methods of Plotting SD Curve, Apparatus selection, Characters of Normally Innervated Muscle, Characters of Partially Denervated Muscle, Characters of Completely Denervated Muscle, Chronaxie & Rheobase.
c) Nerve conduction velocity studies.
d) EMG: Construction of EMG equipment.
e) Bio-feedback.
MEDIUM FREQUENCY
a) Interferential Therapy: Define IFT, Principle of Production of IFT, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications.
b) Russian Current.
c) Rebox type Current.
UNIT- II [20 SESSIONS]
HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENTS
THERMOS & ACTIN THERAPY (HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENTS)
a. Electro Magnetic Spectrum.
b. SWD: Define short wave, Principle of Production of SWD, Types of SWD Electrode, Placement & Spacing of Electrodes, Tuning, Testing of SWD Apparatus, Physiological& Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications,
c. Pulsed Electro Magnetic Energy: Principles, Production & Parameters of PEME, Uses of PEME.
d. Micro Wave Diathermy: Define Microwave Production of MW, Applicators, Dosage Parameters, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications.
e. Ultrasound: Define Ultrasound, Frequency, Piezo Electric effects: Direct, Reverse. Continuous & Pulsed mode, Intensity, Principles & Application of US, Uses of US, Indications & Contraindications.
f. IRR: Define IRR, wavelength& parameters, Types of IR generators, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Duration & frequency of treatment, Indication &Contraindication.
g. UVR: Define UVR, Types of UVR, and UVR generators: Physiological &Therapeutic effects, Indications, Contraindications, Dangers, Dosages for different therapeutic effects, Distance in UVR lamp.
h. LASER: Define LASER, Types of LASERS, Principles of Production, Methods of application of LASER, Dosage of LASER, Physiological &Therapeutic effects of LASER, Safety precautions of LASER.
UNIT- III [20 SESSIONS]
SUPERFICIAL HEATING MODALITIES
a. Wax Therapy: Principle of Wax, Composition of Wax Bath, Methods of application of Wax, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindication, Dangers.
b. Contrast Bath: Methods of application, M The rapeuticuses, Indications & Contraindications.
c. Moist Heat Therapy: Hydro collator packs – in brief, Methods of applications, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindication.
d. Cyclotherm: Principles of production, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications.
e. Fluid therapy: Construction, Method of application, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications.
f. Whirl Pool Bath: Construction, Method of Application, Therapeutic Uses, Indications & Contraindications.
g. Magnetic Stimulation, Principles, Therapeutic uses, Indications & contraindication.
h. Cryotherapy: Define- Cryotherapy, Principle- Latent heat of fusion, Physiological & Therapeutics effects, Techniques of Applications, Indications & Contraindications, Dangers, and Methods of application with dosages.
TEXTBOOKS
1. Claytons Electrotherapy by Forster & Plastangs.
2. Electrotherapy by Khokher.
REFERENCE BOOK
1. Electrotherapy Explained by Low & Reed.
- Teacher: komal dhull