FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY

History of Entomology in India. Major points related to dominance of Insecta in Animal kingdom. Classification of phylum Arthropoda upto classes. Relationship of class Insecta with other classes of Arthropoda. Morphology: Structure and functions of insect cuticle and molting. Body segmentation. Structure of head, thorax and abdomen. Structure and modifications of insect antennae, mouth parts, legs, Wing venation, modifications and wing coupling apparatus. Structure of male and female genital organ. Metamorphosis and diapause in insects. Types of larvae and pupae. Structure and functions of digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, nervous, secretary (Endocrine) and reproductive system, in insects. Types of reproduction in insects. Major sensory organs. Insect Ecology: Introduction, Environment and its components. Effect of abiotic factors and biotic factors. Categories of pests. Concept of IPM, Practices, scope and limitations of IPM. Classification of insecticides, toxicity of insecticides and formulations of insecticides. Systematics: Taxonomy -- importance, history and development and binomial nomenclature. Definitions of Biotype, Sub-species, Species, Genus, Family and Order. Classification of class Insectaupto Orders, basic groups of present day insects with special emphasis to orders and families of Agricultural importance like Orthoptera: Acrididae, Tettigonidae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae; Dictyoptera: Mantidae, Blattidae; Odonata; Isoptera: Termitidae; Thysanoptera: Thripidae; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Cimicidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Lophophidae, Aleurodidae, Pseudococcidae; Neuroptera: Chrysopidae; Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Papiloinidae, Noctuidae, Sphingidae, Pyralidae, Gelechiidae, Arctiidae, Saturnidae, Bombycidae; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Bruchidae, Scarabaeidae; Hymenoptera: Tenthridinidae, Apidae. Trichogrammatidae, lchneumonidae, Braconidae, Chalcididae; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Tachinidae, Agromyziidae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Tephritidae.


Fundamental of Plant Pathology

Course Outcomes

CO 1. Creating strategies for managing plant diseases through integrated pest management and sustainable agricultural practices Describing the management of farm animals, its nutrient requirement and its housing.

CO 2. Understanding the biological, ecological, and environmental factors that contribute to plant disease development.

CO 3. Applying plant pathology principles to assess and manage plant disease outbreaks in field conditions

CO 4.  Applying knowledge of plant-pathogen interactions to develop effective control measures for crop protection.

Theory

Introduction to Plant Pathology: Concept of disease in plants; Different terms used in Plant Pathology, History of Plant Pathology with special references to India, Causes of plant disease: Inanimate and animate causes; Classification of plant disease; Parasitism and pathogenesis, Development of disease in plants: Disease Triangle, Disease cycle, Fungi and their morphology, reproduction and classification of fungi, Bacteria: Morphology, reproduction classification of phytopathogenic bacteria, Other plant pathogens: Mollicutes; Flagellant protozoa; FVB; Green algae and parasitic higher plants; Viruses and viroids, virus transmission, Principles of Plant disease management: Disease management with chemicals, Host resistance, cultural and biological method of Integrated Disease Management (IDM).


UNIT

TOPICS TO BE COVERED

LECTURES REQUIRED

 

UNIT - 1

Introduction to Plant Pathology: Concept of disease in plants; Different terms used in Plant Pathology, History of Plant Pathology with special

references to India, Causes of plant disease: Inanimate and animate causes; Classification of plant disease; Parasitism and pathogenesis

 

5

UNIT - 2

Development of disease in plants: Disease Triangle, Disease cycle, Fungi and their morphology, reproduction and classification of fungi, Bacteria

5

UNIT - 3

Morphology, reproduction classification of phytopathogenic bacteria, Other plant pathogens: Mollicutes; Flagellant protozoa;

5

 

UNIT - 4

FVB; Green algae and parasitic higher plants; Viruses and viroids, virus

transmission, Principles of Plant disease management: Disease management with chemicals

 

5

UNIT - 5

Host resistance, cultural and biological method of Integrated Disease Management (IDM).

5

 Practical

Study of the microscope , Acquaintance with laboratory material and equipments, Study of different plant disease symptoms, Microscopic examination of general structure of fungi, Simple staining of bacteria: Direct and indirect staining, Gram staining of bacteria, Microscopic examination of fungal diseased specimen,Microscopic examination of bacterial diseased specimen, Preparation of culture media, Isolation of plant pathogens: Fungi, bacteria and viruses, Purification of plant pathogens, Study on plant disease diagnosis: Koch’s Postulates, Characteristics, formulation, methods of application and calculation on fungicides

 

UNIT

EXERCISE

LECTURES REQUIRED

EXERCISE- 1

Study of the microscope , Acquaintance with laboratory material and equipments, Study of different plant disease symptoms,

2

EXERCISE- 2

Microscopic examination of general structure of fungi, Simple staining of bacteria

2

EXERCISE- 3

Direct and indirect staining, Gram staining of bacteria, Microscopic examination of fungal diseased specimen

2

EXERCISE- 4

Microscopic examination of bacterial diseased specimen, Preparation of culture media, Isolation of plant pathogens: Fungi, bacteria and viruses

2

 

EXERCISE- 5

Purification of plant pathogens, Study on plant disease diagnosis: Koch’s Postulates, Characteristics, formulation, methods of application

and calculation on fungicides

 

2

 

Suggested readings:

1.      Pathak, V. N. Essentials of Plant Pathology. Prakash Pub., Jaipur

2.      Agrios, GN. 2010. Plant Pathology. Acad. Press.

3.      Kamat, M. N. Introductory Plant Pathology. Prakash Pub, Jaipur

4.      Singh RS. 2008. Plant Diseases. 8 th Ed. Oxford & IBH. Pub. Co.

5.      Singh RS. 2013. Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co.

6.      Alexopoulos, Mims and Blackwel. Introductory Mycology

7.      Mehrotra RS & Aggarwal A. 2007. Plant Pathology. 7 th Ed. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publ. Co. Ltd.

8.      Gibbs A & Harrison B. 1976. Plant Virology - The Principles. Edward Arnold, London

9.      Hull R. 2002. Mathew.s Plant Virology. 4th Ed. Academic Press, New York.

10.  Verma JP. 1998. The Bacteria. Malhotra Publ. House, New Delhi.

 


POULTRY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Course Outcomes

 

CO 1.  Understanding factors influencing breed selection based on climate, market demand, and production goals.

CO 2.  Creating skills to plan and manage a poultry farm, including space utilization, environmental control, and farm infrastructure..

CO 3.  Undertsanding and managing balanced poultry rations, considering both natural feed ingredients and commercial feed.

CO 4.  Understanding preventive health measures, vaccination programs, and biosecurity protocols to minimize disease outbreaks and ensure healthy flock management.


Practical:

 

Orientation. Rearing of backyard poultry chicks (local & Improved e.g., Giriraja). 

Setting and management of broiler poultry farm.

 Management of poultry for egg production (layers).

Brooding and Management of Chicks; 

Setting up of brooder house, handling of chicks, vaccination. Feeding & watering and lighting management. Management of Poultry birds; light management, vaccination, debeaking, feeding and watering.

 Egg collection and storage. Quality egg production. Factors affecting egg quality.

 Assessment of egg quality. Preparation of poultry feed. Factors affecting feed quality. 

Storage of feed ingredients. Record Maintenance. 

Management of farm equipment. 

Farm waste Management; composting;

 vermicomposting;

 biogas production 

Economic analysis of poultry production. 

Maintaining the register for income and expenditure on the animals allotted to work out the economics.

 First Aid and flock health management.


 


English Grammar and Composition

This course is designed to help students improve their understanding of English grammar and develop their composition skills. The course will cover topics such as sentence structure, parts of speech, punctuation, and essay writing. Students will engage in various writing exercises and receive feedback to enhance their grammatical accuracy and writing proficiency.

Soil Fertility Management

Introduction and importance of manures and fertilizers. Fertilizer   recommendation approaches. Integrated nutrient management. Chemical fertilizers: classification, composition and properties of major fertilizers,         secondary         &         micronutrient         fertilizers,         Complex         fertilizers, nano fertilizers Soil amendments, Fertilizer Storage, Fertilizer Control Order. History of soil fertility and plant nutrition. criteria of essentiality. role, deficiency and toxicity symptoms of essential plant nutrients, Mechanisms of nutrient transport to plants, factors affecting nutrient availability to plants. Chemistry of macro and micronutrients. Soil fertility evaluation, Soil testing. Critical levels of different nutrients in soil. Forms of nutrients in soil, plant analysis, rapid plant tissue tests. Indicator plants. Methods of fertilizer    recommendations    to    crops.     Factor     influencing     nutrient use     efficiency (NUE), methods of application under rainfed and irrigated conditions. STCR/RTNM/IPNS.


Environmental studies and disaster management

UNITS

Unit 1: Introduction to Environment, Natural Resources, Ecosystems and Biodiversity
Unit 2: Environmental Pollution, Solid Waste Management, Social Issues and Environmental Legislation
Unit 3: Disaster Management – Concepts and Types of Disasters
Unit 4: Disaster Management Framework and Role of Institutions
Unit 5: Administrative Structure and Forces in Disaster Management