Course info

COURSE CONTENT

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms. The study of the chemistry behind biological processes and the synthesis of biologically active molecules are examples of biochemistry.

 UNIT- I - AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM AND LIPID METABOLISM   

1.   LIPID METABOLISM

a)       Introduction to lipid metabolism, Lipolysis, Oxidation of fatty acids β-oxidation of fatty acids.

b)       Lipogenesis –DE novo synthesis of fatty acids, chain elongation, desaturation, triacylglycerol.

c)        Synthesis, fat metabolism in adipose tissues.

d)       Ketone body metabolism- Ketone body formation (ketogenesis), utilization (ketosis’s), ketosis, Roth era’s test.

e)        Cholesterol metabolism: synthesis, degradation, cholesterol transport.

f)         Hypercholesterolemia and its effects (atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases).

g)       Hypocholesterolemia agents, Common hypolipoproteinemia. 

2.   AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM

a)       Catabolism of amino acids - Introduction, transamination, deamination, Fate of ammonia, transport of ammonia, Urea cycle.

b)       Specialized products formed from amino acids - from glycine, arginine, methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine.

3.   VITAMINS

a)       Definition, classification according to solubility.

b)       Individual vitamins - Sources, Coenzyme forms, functions, RDA, digestion, absorption and transport, deficiency and toxicity.\ 

4.   MINERAL METABOLISM

a)       Definition, Sources, RDA, Digestion, absorption, transport, excretion, functions, disorder of Individual minerals - Calcium, phosphate, iron, Magnesium, fluoride, selenium, molybdenum, copper. Phosphate, calcium and iron in detail.

 

UNIT- II - CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELL BIOLOGY

a)       Introduction, Cell structure, Cell membrane structure and function, various types of absorption.

b)       Intracellular organelles and their functions, briefly on cytoskeleton.

MUSCLE CONTRACTION

a)        Contractile elements in muscle, briefly on the process of muscle contraction, Energy for muscle contraction.

 BIOCHEMISTRY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

a)       Introduction, various connective tissue proteins: Collagen, elastin - Structure and associated disorders. Glycoproteins, Proteoglycans.

 HORMONE ACTION

a)       Definition, classification, Mechanism of hormone action. Receptors,    signal transduction, second messengers and cell function.             

UNIT III - Acid-Base balance and Clinical Biochemistry                                        

ACID-BASE BALANCE

a)   Acids, bases and buffers, pH Buffer systems of the body, bicarbonate buffer system.

b)   Role of lungs and kidneys in acid base balance, Acid base imbalance Water balances.

c)    Water distribution in the body, Body water, water turnover, Regulation of water balance: role of ADH and thirst center.

ELECTROLYTE BALANCE

a)       Osmolality, Distribution of electrolytes.

b)   Electrolyte balance, Role of aldosterone, rennin angiotensin system and ANF. CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

a)    Normal levels of blood and urine constituents, Relevance of blood and urine levels of Glucose, Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine, Calcium, Phosphates, pH and Bicarbonate, Liver function tests, Renal function tests.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Biochemistry –U Satya Narayana.

References- 

1.     Biochemistry- Richard Harvey.

2.     Biochemistry- David Hames.